Mange is a skin condition that can leave your cat itchy, uncomfortable, and distressed. Even though it’s more commonly associated with dogs, cats can also suffer from this parasitic infestation.
In this guide, we’ll explore 3 main types of mange affecting cats, their symptoms, causes, and the most effective treatment options. Whether you’re dealing with mange now or want to prevent it in the future, understanding this condition is key to keeping your cat healthy and comfortable.
Types of Mange in Cats
Cats can suffer from different types of mange, each caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the skin or ears, leading to a range of symptoms. Understanding the specific type of mange affecting your cat is crucial for the right treatment and recovery. Here are three common types of mange in cats:
1. Notoedric Mange (Feline Scabies)
Notoedric mange, caused by the Notoedres cati mite, is the feline equivalent of scabies in dogs. This is a highly contagious condition, and if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body. Since it’s easily transmitted between cats, it’s important to treat it quickly.
2. Demodectic Mange (Demodicosis)
Demodectic mange in cats is caused by Demodex cati or Demodex gatoi mites. Demodex cati is usually present in small numbers on healthy cats, but an overgrowth can happen because of a weakened immune system. Demodex gatoi, on the other hand, is contagious and can cause itching and hair loss. This type of mange is less common in cats but can be serious, especially in those with health problems.
3. Otodectic Mange (Ear Mites)
Otodectic mange, commonly known as ear mites, is caused by Otodectes cynotis. These mites infest the ear canal. If left untreated, ear mites can cause secondary infections and significant discomfort for your cat. Even though they are highly contagious, they can be effectively treated with vet-recommended medications.
Causes and Transmission
Mange in cats is caused by microscopic mites that infest the skin or ears, leading to irritation, itching, and hair loss. These mites can spread in different ways, depending on the type of mange.
- Direct Contact with Infected Animals: Most types of mange are highly contagious and spread through direct contact with an infected cat, dog, or even wild animals like foxes. Kittens, elderly cats, and those with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable.
- Contaminated Environments: Mites can survive on bedding, furniture, grooming tools, and other surfaces for a short period. If a cat comes into contact with a contaminated environment, it can become infected. This is especially common in shelters, multi-cat households, and outdoor environments.
- Underlying Health Conditions: Some types of mange, like demodectic mange, are linked to weakened immune systems. Cats with chronic illnesses, malnutrition, or stress are more likely to get mites.
Symptoms to Watch For
Mange can cause a variety of symptoms in cats, depending on the type of mite infestation. Early detection is important for effective treatment. Here are common signs to look out for:
- Intense Itching and Scratching: Excessive scratching, biting, or rubbing against objects is a key sign of mange, especially in notoedric and sarcoptic mange, which cause severe irritation.
- Hair Loss (Alopecia): Bald patches, especially around the face, ears, neck, and legs, are common in cats with mange. Hair loss can spread if left untreated.
- Scabs and Crusty Skin: Thick, crusty, or flaky skin—especially around the ears, face, and limbs—can indicate mite infestations. This is often seen in notoedric and sarcoptic mange.
- Redness and Inflammation: The affected areas may appear red, swollen, or irritated due to the cat’s constant scratching and the mites’ activity.
- Ear Issues (for Ear Mites): If ear mites are the cause, symptoms may include frequent head shaking, constant ear scratching, dark waxy debris that looks like coffee grounds, and a strong smell from the ears.
- Restlessness and Behavioral Changes: Cats suffering from mange often become restless, irritable, or withdrawn because of constant discomfort. They may also have trouble sleeping.
- Secondary Infections: Open wounds from excessive scratching can lead to bacterial or fungal infections, which makes the condition worse and causes additional symptoms like pus, foul odor, or increased pain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing mange in cats requires a detailed examination by a vet because the symptoms can be similar to other skin conditions like allergies, fungal infections, or bacterial dermatitis. There are a couple of ways to diagnose mange, and one of them is a physical examination, where the vet will check your cat for symptoms like hair loss, skin changes, and itching, to determine if mange is a possible cause.
The other way is the skin scraping test. It is one of the most reliable ways to diagnose mange in cats. The vet will gently scrape a small sample of skin and examine it under a microscope to look for mites, eggs, or mite debris. This is commonly used for notoedric, sarcoptic, and demodectic mange.
In cases where mites are harder to detect, the vet may use adhesive tape to collect skin debris or pluck a few hairs for microscopic examination to check for mites or their eggs. If ear mites are suspected, the vet will take a swab from the ear canal and examine it under a microscope to confirm the presence of Otodectes cynotis mites.
In some cases, if mites are not visible under a microscope, the vet may recommend starting treatment to see if the cat’s condition improves. If symptoms clear up, this can confirm a mange diagnosis.
Treatment Options
Treating mange involves a combination of medications, managing the environment, and providing supportive care to ease symptoms and prevent re-infestation. Below are the most effective treatment methods:
1. Topical Treatments
Topical medications are commonly used to kill mites and soothe irritated skin. These may include:
- Prescription Spot-On Treatments: Products like selamectin (Revolution) and moxidectin (Advantage Multi) are applied to the skin and help eliminate mites over time.
- Medicated Shampoos & Dips: Lime sulfur dips and benzoyl peroxide shampoos can help remove mites and soothe skin irritation. These are often used in serious cases.
- Anti-Itch & Healing Creams: Veterinarians may recommend medicated creams or ointments to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
2. Systemic Medications
Oral or injectable medications may be prescribed in more serious cases to eliminate mites from within the body. These include:
- Ivermectin: A common anti-parasitic drug used to kill mites, often given orally or by injection.
- Milbemycin Oxime: Sometimes used as an alternative to ivermectin for mite infestations.
- Corticosteroids & Antibiotics: If secondary infections or severe inflammation happen, steroids and antibiotics may be prescribed to manage symptoms.
3. Environmental Cleaning
Mange mites can survive in the environment for a short time, so, as we mentioned in the text above, thorough cleaning is essential to prevent reinfection. It’s important to clean all fabrics your cat has come into contact with using hot water and pet-safe disinfectants. Frequent vacuuming helps remove mites as well, and if you want to clean cat towers, scratching posts, and other frequently used areas, use pet-safe disinfectants.
4. Supportive Care
Supporting your cat’s overall health can speed up recovery and reduce stress. A high-quality diet with essential vitamins and fatty acids can strengthen your cat’s immune system. Also, it’s important to keep your cat in a calm, quiet environment to reduce stress, because, just like in humans, stress can weaken immunity and worsen symptoms. Regular vet check-ups ensure the treatment is working and allow adjustments if needed.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing mange is key to maintaining your cat’s health and avoiding the discomfort of mite infestations. Here are some effective strategies to keep your cat protected:
- Regular Parasite Prevention: Use vet-approved flea and mite preventatives like selamectin (Revolution) or moxidectin (Advantage Multi) to protect your cat from mange-causing mites. Keep up with routine deworming and vaccinations to strengthen your cat’s immune system.
- Maintain Good Hygiene: Regularly groom your cat to check for signs of skin issues, excessive scratching, or hair loss. Clean bedding, toys, and litter boxes often to eliminate any potential mite contamination. Wash your hands and disinfect surfaces if handling a cat with mange to prevent spreading mites to other pets.
- Minimize Exposure to Infected Animals: Avoid contact with stray or sick animals that may carry mange. If you adopt a new cat, check for symptoms before introducing them to your other pets. Keep outdoor cats away from areas where infected animals (such as stray cats, foxes, or dogs) may be present.
- Strengthen Your Cat’s Immune System: Feed a nutrient-rich diet with essential vitamins, fatty acids, and protein to support skin health. Reduce stress by providing a calm environment, mental stimulation, and regular vet visits.
When to Consult a Veterinarian
If you think your cat has mange, it’s important to take it to a vet as soon as possible to prevent the condition from worsening. If you notice the symptoms we mentioned in the text above, and If the symptoms are getting worse or spreading to other areas of the body, professional treatment is necessary.
Mange can spread to other animals and, in some cases, humans. If you or other pets show signs of itching or skin irritation, call a vet immediately. Also, if your cat becomes lethargic, irritable, or stops eating, it could be due to discomfort or an underlying issue that requires medical care.
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a quick recovery and preventing further complications. If you’re unsure whether your cat has mange, a vet visit can help get a clear diagnosis and an effective treatment plan.
Conclusion
Mange is a common but treatable condition in cats that can cause significant discomfort if left unaddressed. By recognizing the symptoms early, understanding the causes, and getting quick veterinary care, you can ensure your cat gets the right treatment and support. Preventive measures, like regular parasite control and keeping the environment clean, are effective in preventing mange. If you notice any concerning signs of mange, don’t hesitate to consult your vet for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. With the right care, your cat can quickly recover and be happy and healthy again.
RELATED: How to Tell If a Cat Is in Pain
